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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the quality of pharmacy education in China.METHODS:Based on domestic and foreign related literatures in recent years,and the information from pharmacy school official websites of USA,to introduce to summarize the characteristics of the selection and admission methods and requriements of Doctor of Pharmacy students in pharmacy schools of universities in USA.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The pharmacy education of USA developed rapidly in recent 10 years.To ensure the quality of pharmacist,the pharmacy schools attached great importance to selection and admission process of Doctor of Pharmacy students in USA.They did not only pay attention in academic scores,such as Pharmacy College Admission Test score(PCAT),Grade Point Average(GPA) in university before applying to pharmacy school,also used different ways to investigate others' evaluation and self-evaluation,the ability of the applicant to perform social activities by recommendation letters,personal statement and experience in extracurricular activity.Based on material evaluation and applicant comparison,according to proportion selection and applicant interview,oral and communication skills of the applicant were investigated.Finally,admission committee of pharmacy college makes decision.Compared with China,the pharmacy schools of American univerisities choose Doctor of Pharmacy students more comprehesively and pay more attention to the comprehensive ability beyond the applicant's score,which form a relatively complete system.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the bactericidal activity of thymopentin and its derived peptides. METHODS:Agar plate count was adopted to determine the bactericidal activity of thymopentin [arginine(R)-lysine(K)-aspartic acid(D)-valine(V)-tyro-sine(Y),RKDVY],its derived peptide 1 [RKN(agedoite,N)VY] and derived peptide 2(RKKVY)to Gram negative bacterial (Proteusbacillus vulgaris,Escherichia coli) and Gram positive bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecium). There were 15.625-1 000 μg/ml for peptides,102 CFU for bacteria. RESULTS:Three pentapeptides possessed bactericidal activity against Gram negative bacteria. The activities of RKKVY and RKNVY were stronger than RKDVY(P0.05). They also possessed bactericidal activity against Gram positive bacteria,and the activity from strong to weak was RKKVY>RKNVY>RKDVY(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Thymopentin and its derived peptides possess bactericidal activity against Gram negative and positive bacteria,with dose-effect relationship.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the bactericidal activity of recombinant human platelet phospholipase A2(RHP-PLA2)in vitro against S.aureus and the effects of different impact factors on the bactericidal activity of it.METHODS:The bactericidal activity of RHP-PLA2 was tested by agar plating method,and the impact factors(pH,Ca2+,Mg2+,negatively charged heparin)were determined.RESULTS:The minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of RHP-PLA2 killing 99% S.aureus was 0.08 ng?L-1.The bactericidal rates of PLA2 at MBC were 44.4%,99.8% and 99.5% respectively in the pH of 5.0,7.4 and 9.0.1 ～5 mmol Ca2+ was suitable for the bactericidal activity of the RHP-PLA2.The bactericidal activity of RHP-PLA2 can be completely inhibited by 5.12 mmol?L-1 EGTA,10 mmol?L-1 MgCl2 or 0.30?10-4 IU?L-1 heparin.CONCLUSIONS:The bactericidal activity of RHP-PLA2 is affected by pH and Ca2+ concentration in media.The cationic property of PLA2 is the key factor influencing its bactericidal activity.
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OBJECTIVE: To establish a simple and rapid HPLC method for the determination of serum concentration of isofosfamide.METHODS: With cyclophosphamide as internal standard,the serum sample was extracted on C18 solid phase extraction column and determined on Zorbox-ODS C18 at room temperature.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(25∶75) at a flow rate of 1 mL?min-1 and a detection wavelength of 200 nm.RESULTS: The linear range of ifosfamide was 2.5～200 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9),with the lowest detectable limit at 0.5 ?g?mL-1(S/N=3).Both the intraday and interday RSD were less than 5%.The extraction recoveries of ifosfamide at high,middle and low concentrations were ranged between 89.3% and 93.6% versus 77.6%～82.3% in chloroform-treated serum samples.CONCLUSION: The method which uses the C18 solid phase extraction column is of high recovery,and the sample treatment by which is simple,rapid,accurate,and pollution-free,and it is applicable for the monitoring of serum concentration and pharmacokinetic study of isofosfamide.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate systematically the existence of bactericidal/permeability increasing protein(BPI) in normal rat organs and tissues,for providing important information about BPI in clinical application.METHODS The total RNA was extracted from organs and tissues homogenates.Then the first-strand cDNA was synthesized and BPI DNA was amplified by PCR.RESULTS BPI mRNA was found in kidneys,ovary,testes,liver,small intestine,large intestine,thymus,spleen and neutrophils of 21 various organs and tissues.Among them,BPI mRNA content was the richest in testes,relatively rich in liver and large intestine.CONCLUSIONS BPI mRNA presents in many organs and tissues of rat and it indicates that the role of BPI in host defense against bacterial infection is relatively widespread.
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Phospholipase A2(PLA2) is an enzyme family which widely distributed in nature. It is related to many important function in physiology and pathology. Among the enzymes, a small molecule PLA2 (platelet PLA2) is closely related to tumor. The study of platelet PLA2 and tumor is reviewed.